ILLUSIONS

Window Right or Left

An elevator without floor?

This is extremely crazy, but take a closer look.

It is actually just an illusion.

The floor are drawn as if there is no floor, and you will fall intothe black hole once you enter the elevator.

What do you see?

An explanation is at the bottom.

Did you see a couple in an intimate love position or nine dolphins?

Interestingly, research has shown that young children cannot identify the intimate couple because they do not have prior memory associated with such a scenario. What they will see, however, is nine (small & black) dolphins in the picture!

When you look at this picture close range do  you see Albert Einstein.

Now  take several steps back, roughly 15 feet away,

It will become... Marilyn Monroe.

Do you see a perfectly round circle below?

Unusual Celebrity Deaths

Celebrities are so exposed in the public eye that whenever one dies everyone seems to be in a state of shock. Even with Dennis Hopper’s recent passing, everyone knew he was terminally ill and didn’t have long to live but even when he did pass away people were still surprised and talking about it. There seems to be an air of mystical immortality surrounding celebrities, placed on a pedestal so high by the public that they expect to be able to look up to them forever and not envisage them ever falling. It therefore comes as an even bigger shock if a celeb dies unexpectedly, in a tragic accident when they were at the peak of their careers. Some celeb deaths shock us simply by the unusual circumstances surrounding it. Here is a list of ten of the most unusual celebrity deaths.

1. Attila the Hun

Image source - Wikipedia

OK so he’s not the first dead celebrity you’d think of, some of you may be saying he’s not even a celebrity. But hey, if that word can be applied to contestants on a reality show then I think Attila the Hun can be regarded as one too seeing as he achieved so much more in his life. Atilla was the fearsome ruler of the Huns from 434 to 453 AD. He was public enemy number one to the Roman Empires. Twice he attacked the Balkans; he marched his army through France; and his rulership spread from Germany to the Ural River and from the Danube River to the Baltic Sea. Many today regard him as a monster, a cruel dictator who ruled through fear. In Turkey and Hungary though he is hailed as a hero. He died from a nosebleed on his wedding night though, which isn’t very heroic or manly.

2. Tennessee Williams

Image source - Wikipedia

A famous playright who was most famous for his play “A Streetcar Named Desire”. Williams battled with his addiction to alcohol and depression throughout his life. In 1983 he died in a strange accident. Taking eyedrops he choked to death on the bottle cap he’d put in his mouth whilst he was pouring the eyedrops into his eyes. He’d tilted his head back and the bottle cap had fallen back into his throat where it got lodged.

3. Elvis Presley

Image source - Wikipedia

The King, as he was known to all, passed away in less glorious fashion. He died whilst he was on the toilet on 16 August 1977; he was only 42. His staff found him choked on his own vomit. A post-mortem revealed that his body contained a cocktail of ten prescribed drugs, which were taken in highly dangerous doses. The drugs included the painkillers Morphine and Demerol; Chloropheniramine, an antihistamine; the tranquilizers Placidyl and Vailum; and four drugs were found in “significant” quantities: Codeine, an opiate, Ethinamate, largely prescribed at the time as a “sleeping pill,” Quaaludes, and a barbituate, or depressant, that has never been identified.

4. Salvatore “Sonny” Bono

Image source - alhazan

Sonny Bono enjoyed a diverse career that spanned three decades. He was a record producer, singer, actor and politician. He was famed for that song he sang with Cher. He passed away in 1998 though when on a skiing holiday on the Nevada side of Heavenly Ski Resort near South Lake Tahoe, California. He died from the injuries he sustained after crashing into a tree.

5. Jeff Buckley

Image source - Christmas.vg

American singer-songwriter Jeff Buckley was the son of Tim Buckley, who was also a musician. On 29 May 1997 Jeff  went for a swim, fully clothed and in his boots, in the Mississippi River. He was never seen alive again. Friends heard him singing the chorus to “Whole Lotta Love” by Led Zeppelin but when the singing stopped and Jeff was no longer visible in the water a search was issued. His body was not found until four days later. Drugs or alcohol were suspected to be the cause but neither were found in his system so the cause of death was accidental drowning.

6. Owen Hart

Image source - Weblo

The WWF wrestler and brother of Bret The Hitman Hart died in a stunt that went wrong. Owen Hart was due to enter the ring from the ceiling, lowered by cables for dramatic effect. However, something went wrong with the stunt harness and rather than being lowered slowly, Hart plummeted 78 feet landing chest first in the ring. At the time of his death Owen Hart was in character as The Blue Blazer, a buffoonish super-hero-come-wrestler.

7. Steve Irwin

Image source - Wikipedia

Steve Irwin aka the Crocodile Hunter was tragically killed on 4 September 2006 when he was pierced in the chest by a stingray’s barb. Irwin had been filming for his television show at the time in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Irwin was an eccentric TV personality and had a childlike fearlessness when it came to handling some of the world’s most dangerous animals. It was said that he swam too close to one of the stingray’s who felt threatened by his presence, which resulted in it piercing Irwin’s heart with its barb instantly killing him.

8. David Carradine

Image source - Wikipedia

How do you Kill Bill? Suicide was suspected initially after Carradine’s body was discovered hanging from a rope in a closet in Bangkok. However, suspicion was aroused when shoelace tied around Carradine’s manhood was also found. Two autopsies were carried out and concluded that the cause of death was autoerotic asphyxiation – meaning a form of bondage sex gone wrong. After the actor’s death two of his exes – Gail Jensen and Marina Anderson – came forward and admitted that  Carradine had a dark side and liked to indulge in deviant sexual behaviour.

9. Brandon Lee

Image source - distantcreations

Bruce Lee’s son Brandon was on the set of the film The Crow in which he was playing the lead role. One scene required Lee to be shot by a prop-gun firing blanks. The gun had been used several times before in filming but a cheaply made round of blanks had lodged part of the lead in the barrel of the gun. When a new round of blanks were loaded and a shot was fired on that particular occasion at Lee, the impact of the lead hit the actor with the force of a real bullet. His death raised questions by people who began to suspect that the Lee family were cursed as his father had died in mysterious circumstances exactly 20 years earlier.

10. Marc Vivien Foé

Image source - thekushchronicles

Foé was a promising Cameroonian footballer at the peak of his sporting career. He played for West Ham, Lyon and was on loan to Manchester City when he died. It was rumoured that some of the sports biggest clubs were going to sign him, including Manchester Utd. But during the 2003 Confederations Cup tournament, whilst playing against Colombia in the semi-finals, Foé collapsed onto the pitch unexpectedly with no one around him. He was given oxygen on the pitch and was then stretchered off where medics attempted to restart his heart for 45 minutes. Their efforts were in vain and Foé was pronounced dead. The first autopsy could not determine what the player had died from. The second autopsy though indicated that his death was caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – a hereditary condition known to increase the risk of sudden death during physical exercise.

scariest killers who were never caught

It’s the scariest time of year again, Halloween! But while you’re out partying with friends, keep in the back of your mind these 6 grisly murderers, who were never caught. You never know, they could be that cute girl dressed as a nurse, that friendly old man handing out candy, or even that funny author from your favorite comedy website…

1. Black Dahlia

Perhaps the most famous dramatization of the Black Dahlie

Black Dahlia was the nickhame given to Elizabeth Short, a young woman who was gruesomely killed in 1947. Short was discovered in a park, her body sliced in half at the waist and completely drained of blood. Her face was slashed from her ears to the corners of her mouth, giving her a horrific Glasgow smile.

The killer taunted the police, sending letters to the press. The Black Dahlia murder has become popularized by the dozens of films, books and studies done on it, all obsessed with finding the motivation and identity of the killer. Most famously, in the 2006 film “The Black Dahlia”, starring Josh Harnett, Scarlett Johansson and Hilary Swank.

2. Cleveland Torso Murderer

Eliot Ness, the man famous for going against Al Capone

Also known as the Mad Butcher of Kingsbury Run, this serial killer murderer at least 12 victims during the 1990s. Estimates range as high as 40 dead. The Torso Murderer got his name because he sometimes cut his victims’ torsos in half, always beheading and sometimes dismembering.

Eliot Ness, famous for leading the Untouchables against Al Capone, was unable to crack the case, and no-one else has come even close.

3. Zodiac killer

Think you can crack the indecipherable codes of a madman?

Active in the 1960s to the mid-1970s, the Zodiac killer gave himself his name, when he sent taunting letters to police and newspapers. The Zodiac killer murdered 7 people, despite huge manhunts. The Zodiac killer’s noteriety stems from the encrypted letters he sent out. Of the four cryptograms sent, only one has been decoded. The Zodiac killer has also been in pop culture, most notably in David Fincher’s “Zodiac” starring Jake Gyllenhaal, Mark Ruffalo and Robert Downey Jr.

4. Servant Girl Annihilator

With 16 known victims, the New York Times called the Servant Girl Annihilator “insane on the subject of killing women.” The Annihilator would break into houses at night, while the victims were asleep in bed. They would be dragged outside where they were horribly mutilated and killed. A huge police effort saw over four hundred men arrested on suspicion of the murders, although no-one was ever caught.

The only good news is that these murders happened in 1885, so the killer is definitely dead. Unless he’s coming back as a zombie, and waiting outside your window.

5. The Phantom Killer

The Phantom Killer was so enigmatic that eyewitnesses could not even agree on the color of his skin

Also known as the Moonlight Murderer, the Phantom Killer was responsible for five deaths in 1946. His appearance is the most frightening. Two surviving victims said he was a six foot man, wearing a white hooded mask with just the eyes cut out.

The Phantom Killer targeted lovers’ lanes, violently attacking and murdering those who crossed his path.

6. Women without a Face

The only female on the list, the Women without a Face, also known as the Phantom of Heilbronn is a hypothesized serial killer. Her DNA has been found on crime scenes from 1993 to 2009, spanning three countries. Most frighteningly, the 15 crimes (6 of them murders) with her DNA found shows no pattern.

Coolest Future City Concepts

1. Seoul Commune 2026 (Green towers in the park), Seoul

The project by the Korea-based firm Mass Studies came as a response to Korea’s rapid technological and architectural development, which the designers describe as ‘anarchical.’ Covering 393 400 square miles, 15 towers of varying height- from 16 to 53 floors- function like one giant house in this park. It consists of two very contrasting elements: the park represents a public space, while the rising towers are an accumulation of individual dwelling units and demarcated private space. The Seoul 2026 proposal offers a fully-functional community development that is efficient, high-tech, and immensely sustainable. The buildings are being designed to use lattice-like geometric shapes to allow airflow as well as maximum strength while using a minimum of materials. They will be covered in plants. The towers’ internal functions are separated into public, private, and commercial, offering purely-private rooms called “cells” and communal spaces for public activity. Members of the commune may range from permanent residents to nomadic short-term lodgers. Seoul Commune 2026 suggests a minimized private space consisting of a bedroom and a bathroom in several spatial variations. Six elevators and six shaft spaces are used for transportation. The bases of all 15 towers offer programs for sports and leisure, educational facilities, a convention hall, conference spaces, cultural facilities, and supporting commercial facilities.

2. Ultima tower, San Francisco

Ultima tower is future city concept designed by Eugene Tsui. It’s designed to solve the problem with world population crisis. Conceptualized as human termite nest, these two miles green towers could house over one million people in area of only one mile. It’s shaped like a cone and would be able to fit full ecosystem of hills, ravines, lakes and rivers. The lakes would have sandy beaches, grass, trees and rocky islands. It’s imagined as if nature grew upwards with multi-soil levels. In the tower could be built residential, office, commercial, retail and entertainment objects. Ecological efficiency is a rule. The building will recycle goods and will use only eco friendly materials. Cars will not be let in. Only electric automobile, hybrid cars and bicycles would be allowed.

3. Sky City 1000, Tokyo

The project proposed by Takenaka Corporation in 1989 is another one which would be set to solve population crisis and lack of green space. It would house about 35000 residents and 100 000 workers. It’s 1000 meters high and comprises 14 concave dish-shaped “Space Plateaus” stacked one upon the other. The interior of the plateaus would contain green space, and on the edges, on the sides of the building, would be the apartments. Also included in the building would be offices, commercial facilities, schools, theatres, and other modern amenities. People would move with triple-deck high-speed elevators from floor to the top in less than two minutes. Each plateau will also have a monorail system which will help move people laterally. Authorities in Tokyo take this project very seriously; Sky City 1000 could be first realized future city concept.

4. Crystal Island, Moscow

450 meters tall self-contained city designed by Foster + Partners. It can fit about 30 000 residents in 900 apartments, but will also boast hotel rooms, cinema, theatre, museum, sports fields, shopping malls and school for 500 students. This project was already granted preliminary planning permission for construction on Nagatino Peninsula, just 4.5 miles from the Kremlin. The mega structure would form an amazing “second skin” and thermal buffer for the main building, shielding the interior spaces from Moscow’s weather. This second skin will be sealed in winter to minimize heat loss, and opened in the summer to naturally cool the interior. The building would be powered by built-in solar panels and wind turbines. The site would also feature on-site renewable and low-carbon energy generation. It will be built in a new park, which would provide a range of activities. This project was delayed in 2009 because of the global financial crisis.

5. Bionic Tower, Hong Kong/Shanghai

The Bionic tower is project designed by Spanish architects Eloy Celaya, Rosa Cervera and Javier Gomez. It’s proposed vertical city, an extremely large building purposed for human habitation of 100 000 people. It would be built on completely artificial island of 0.4 square miles connected to the mainland. It would cost about 15 billion dollars. Until now the cities of Shanghai and Hong Kong have shown interest for this project.

6. X-Seed 4000, Tokyo

Although only an architectural dream, it’s cool. Created and developed by Peter Neville, and designed by Taisei Corporation, the 800 floors building would be 4 km high and 6 km wide, able to fit 500 000 to 1 000 000 people. It could eclipse even Mount Fuji, whose iconic shape has been attributed by the architects as their inspiration. X-Seed 4000 would be powered entirely by the sun, although it is unclear whether this would involve covering the facade with photovoltaic panels or next generation thin film solar panels. The interior of the building does appear to adhere to the Soleri’s ideology of humans in coexistence with nature; as seen above there is no shortage in terms of indoor foliage. The question remains: who would want to live in the shadow of a 2.5 mile tall building? However, X-Seed is “never meant to be built”. According to Georges Binder, managing director of Buildings & Data, a firm which compiles data banks on buildings worldwide. “The purpose of the plan was to earn some recognition for the firm, and it worked.”

7. Shimizu TRY 2004 Mega-City Pyramid, Shimizu

If built, Shimizu TRY mega-City Pyramid would be the largest man-made structure in world’s history; 730 meters high and 12 times higher than Great Pyramid in Giza in Egypt. Designed to accommodate 750 000 people, or 1/16 of Tokyo’s population, this building would help solving the problem of lack in space in Tokyo, knowing the fact that it takes space of only 1/47 of metropolis’ area. The proposed structure is so large that it cannot be built with currently available materials, due to their weight. The design relies on the future availability of super-strong lightweight materials based on carbon nanotubes. This pyramid city would be composed by 5 stacked trusses, each with similar dimensions to that of the great pyramid of Giza. It will use only renewable energy, mostly of the sea, the sun and the wind. For interior transport would be used accelerating walkways, inclined elevators, and a personal rapid transit system where automated pods would travel within the trusses. According to Discovery Channel’s documentary on the pyramid it would be complete within the year 2110.

8. Ziggurat Dubai Carbon Neutral Pyramid, Dubai

We can’t talk about Future City Concept if we don’t mention Dubai. The Ziggurat Dubai Carbon Neutral Pyramid is designed to house incredible number of 1 million residents, covering 2.3 square kilometers. This giant eco building was unveiled at Dubai Cityscape Event in 2008 and attracted a lot of attention by expert of the architecture, who were sure that project can be incorporated into grander plans, meaning that it may not be a one-off structure. The project was undertaken by Dubai based environmental design company Timelinks. The city will use natural renewable energy resources of solar, wind and steam making it completely self-sustainable in energetic terms and supported by a carbon neutral system producing zero carbon dioxide emissions. “Ziggurat communities can be almost totally self-sufficient energy-wise. Apart from using steam power in the building we will also employ wind turbine technology to harness natural energy resources. Whole cities can be accommodated in complexes which take up less than 10% of the original land surface. Public and private landscaping will be used for leisure pursuits or irrigated as agricultural land”, said Timelinks, MD, Ridas Matonis. The transportation network will make cars redundant and will have a plenty of green spaces for recreation and agriculture.

9. The Venus Project, Venus, Florida

Maybe this is the best known future city concept. The goal of The Venus Project is to restructure the world into green-thinking and energy-sustainable place. It’s based on the philosophy that technology will improve better if people are not so profit-minded. To prove it to the world, a group led by ideologist Jacques Fresco built research center in Venus, Florida, where new technologies are being developed. Cities would be based on the land, under the sea and above the sea. People, according to this concept, would live in very high skyscrapers, constructed entirely of reinforced and pre-stressed concrete, steel and glass, and stabilized against earthquakes. These super-size skyscrapers will assure that more land will be available for parks and wilderness preserves, while concurrently helping to eliminate urban sprawl. Each one of these towers will be a total enclosure system containing a shopping center, as well as childcare, educational, health, and recreational facilities. This will help alleviate the need to travel to outside facilities. Would be used only renewable energy, as anything else is not in line with their philosophy.

10. Sky-Terra, San Francisco

A designer from San Francisco Joanna Borek-Clement created this project of cities in the sky inspired by the neuron cells. Unlike the others which include great skyscrapers blocking the sun, these interconnected giant building would keep the sunlight out. The towers should reduce the urban heat island effect. Rainwater will be used for landscaping needs. The towers will be built from modular parts to conserve resources and energy. The transportation system consists of interconnected foot paths and also bike paths and electric car paths. Getting to the city will be done by elevator. The Sky-Terra towers offer many options from public parks, to greenbelts, playing fields, jogging paths, amphitheaters, pools or bath houses – all with the aim of providing people with access to open space.

Unconquerable Fortresses in Human History

Throughout the history we have always seen and learned that there is no end to human achievement and that every impossible task can be made possible if you have the courage and determination to overcome it. History is packed with loads of historical wars and fights that have changed the course of history and have affected millions of people. If we go back into time, we find almost the same kind of human ideology that exists today where people ruling the country or states would come up with structures that would defend their kingdom and allow them to overcome the mighty power of their enemies.

Castles and fortresses have played a very important role in defending a particular kingdom or a state and therefore most of the mighty warriors and rulers have made sure that they capture or build a king of magnificent structure that would allow their army to keep a watch on their enemies from a distance. Though, there are many fortifications and fortresses that have been captured and overthrown by the rival army, there are still many such fortresses that are not only difficult to capture because of their unique location but almost impossible to conquer. Let’s checkout some of the famous fortresses that have still remained unconquerable and have stood the test of time.

1. Masada – Israel

Since we are talking about some of the unconquerable castles and fortresses in the world than we cannot miss out this awesome structure that has really stood the test of time. Masada is the name of site where you will find various fortifications and palaces. The site is built on top of an isolated rock plateau in Israel and is very near to the Dead Sea. Masada sits on the eastern edge of the cliff which is 1300 feet high which makes it one of the most difficult fortresses to conque

2. Alamut – Iran

Another such fortress that have remained unconquerable throughout its history is Alamut which also means Eagle’s Nest.
The fortress is built on a high mountain which was almost impossible to climb and even if attempts were made to climb the Alamut, it would take enough time for the person to make it to the top which means that the soldiers on the top have enough time to lock and kill their targets. Alamut in Northern Iran
Alamut is located in the central Alborz Mountains near Kazvin Province which is just hundred kilometers from today’s Tehran in Iran. The fortress was built by Hamdollah Mostowfi at the height of 2100 meters and there was only one way up to the fortress which was heavily guarded by the soldiers and warriors which makes that route impossible to penetrate. The other sides of Alamut was naturally protected because it has steep gravel slope which means that soldiers going through that route would fall into the valley if they miss a step. The fortress was well maintained and had a superb network of water supply and food storage for the entire army. In 1090 the fortress was occupied by powerful Hashshashins (Assassins) who were able to win many other historic fights and battles because of Alamut.

3. Janjira – India

India is the land of kings and emperors and therefore you will find loads of palaces, forts and fortress here.

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Though, there are many such fortifications in India that have played a significant role in the development of a particular kingdom or a state but Murud-Janjira remains on top of the list when it comes to undefeated fortress in India. Though, on the first look the fortress looks like a very common fortress that can be conquered easily but that is not the case because of its unique location. The fortress is like an island surrounded by water from all sides and therefore it gives a clear picture to the army inside the fort of any intruders coming through the sea. This fortress was originally built by Fisherman Kings of Konkan to combat against the Muslim rulers in 1490. However, the word Janjira comes from Arabic word Jazeera which means an island. The fort was later captured by Shivaji and it became one of the headquarters for the Maratha Empire.

4. Malbork Castle – Poland

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Castle Teutonic Order in Malbork is next on the list of unconquerable fortress in human history.

The castle now is better known as Malbork Castle because it is situated in Malbork. However, the castle was built by the Teutonic Order who were knights interested in helping sick and injured Catholics in Poland. The castle remains as one of the classic examples of medieval castle and today it has been named as UNESCO World Heritage Site in Poland. The castle also holds the record of world’s largest brick gothic castle. The castle was built in 1274 and was named as Marienburg after the Virgin Mary. The castle remains undefeated till date because of its unique location. The surrounding areas near the castle are very flat and does not give any chance to the enemy to hide and therefore the warriors have ample of time to get ready and prepare the war before the enemy approaches from distance.

5. Palanok Castle – Ukraine

The Palanok Castle is also known as Mukachevo Castle and it also stands still proudly today as one of the fortress that have remained undefeated and unconquerable.

imgsource-wapediea

The castle is intelligently designed and is located on a volcanic hill which gives this castle a unique location to safeguard itself from intruders and enemies. The castle was built by French engineers and has also remained the residential place of the Royal family. The castle has also been used as a political prison. The castle is divided into low, medium and high castle where the high castle is lavishly decorated for the Royal family. Today, this impregnable castle has been turned into a museum for the people to see.

Inspirational Speeches in History

Words are a powerful weapon. Words have the power to evoke any form of emotion. Words have the power to inspire others. In recognition of 10 of the world’s greatest orators whose words inspired millions around the world, gave hope to the discouraged in tough times, honoured the dead, and changed the course of history, I present to you the list of10 of the most inspirational speeches in history.

1. Alexander the Great

Image source - Wikipedia

Colin Farrell may have tried to recreate the Great Alexander’s speech in the film, with his dodgy blonde highlights and a lazy attempt at trying to hide his Irish accent,  but the great leader studied Aristotle and always seemed to find the words to motivate his army of men. After ten years of fighting in Greece, Egypt and the Persian Empire, Alexander moved his men on to India, where they had grown tired of combat and lacked the will to fight on. Read the full speech Alexander the Great gave his men to inspire them to carry on by clicking on the link.

2. William Wilberforce

Image source - Wikipedia

A member of the British Parliament and a reborn Christian, after Wilberforce had found God he believed it was duty to abolish slavery. In 1789 he gave his first speech to the House of Commons on the subject of quashing the slave trade but it only succeeded in falling on deaf ears. Wilberforce never gave up though and continued to present a speech each year until 1807 when he finally managed to convince the members of Parliament. The Slave Trade Act was finally passed and Wilberforce’s duty to God and his fellow man was complete. Read the complete speech by William Wilberforce here.

3. George Washington

Image source - Wikipedia

Even the greatest orators of all time got nervous before giving a monumental speech. Just look at George Washington for example. Two days before Christmas in 1783, Washington gave his famous resignation speech.  The Revolutionary War had drawn to a close and everyone assumed that Washington, Major General and Commander-in-Chief, would go on to move for supreme power. Many people had hoped so, due to his inspirational leadership. Yet, he shocked them all by resigning and so nervous was he at giving his final speech in front of the Continental Congress that he trembled uncontrollably. In order to control himself he had to hold the parchment with both hands in order for him to read from it. You can read George Washington’s moving speech here.

4. Theodore Roosevelt

Image source - Wikipedia

Roosevelt was a genuine man’s man, the 26th President of the USA and a legendary orator. During his tenure he gave many renowned inspirational speeches, but this speech in particular, directed at men to show strength and decency, could and should apply to today’s modern world too. He believed in men honouring their family and showing responsibility to help inspire the next generation. You can read this speech by Theodore Roosevelt in full by clicking on the link.

5. Winston Churchill

Image source - Wikipedia

Though you would never think it, Winston Churchill was born with a speech impediment. Yet he became one of the best orators of the 20th century and one of the most inspirational leaders of all time. Churchill led Britain through its darkest moments in history and gave many famous speeches. Yet, his “We shall fight on the beaches” speech given to the House of Commons on 4 June 1940 could arguably go down as his greatest speech of all. Read the full Winston Churchill speech by clicking on the link or video below

6. John F. Kennedy

Image source - Wikipedia

The 35th President of America was young, smart and charismatic. He’s tragically remembered for being assassinated less than three years after being sworn in, but it was on that day – 20 January 1961 – when he took the oath that people were filled with hope. JFK is the youngest president to have ever taken office (43) and therefore represented a new era. During his short tenure he encountered some tough events, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the African-American Civil Rights Movement, yet he still managed to win a Pulitzer Prize, the only president in history to have done so. Read JFK’s inaugural speech here or video below

7. Mahatma Gandhi

Image source - Wikipedia

The peaceful freedom fighter demonstrated to the world how peace can overcome war. Fighting for the liberation of India, who had been under British rule for almost a century, Gandhi represented the people. His non-violent movement was aimed at the Brits to “Quit India”, demanding complete independence for his country and freedom from the British rule. Read Gandhi’s Quit India speech by clicking on the link.

8. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Image source - Wikipedia

Everyone around the world recognises the “I have a dream speech.” As a result of this Martin Luther King, Jr. is hands down one of the greatest orators to have ever lived and one of the most inspirational human beings. It was a century since slavery had been abolished, yet in 1963 black people in America were still being subjected to cruel racism. Black children would be hosed down in the streets and forced to attend different schools to caucasian children. Black families were taunted outside their homes, spat on in public and denied treatment if they fell ill or service if they were in a shop. It therefore took an extremely courageous individual to stand up and defend black people. Read the complete speech by Martin Luther King here.or look at video here

9. Abraham Lincoln

Image source - Wikipedia

“Four score and seven years ago…” These famous words were spoken by Lincoln in1863 when giving the Gettysburg Address. We will all be familiar with them from the numerous films and TV shows we’ve seen where young American children have partaken in a school play and spoken these words. The Gettysburg Address is recognised as one of the most famous speeches documenting American freedom. You can read the complete speech byAbraham Lincoln by clicking on the link.

10. Nelson Mandela

Image source - Wikipedia

We are all aware of the history behind Nelson Mandela so what he has experienced in life is pure inspiration to us all itself.

Spending nearly 30 years in prison for leading a movement against apartheid in his country is mind boggling but the fact that his spirit was never broken is testament to his character. In 1964 he gave a powerful speech from the dock at the beginning of his trial. You can read the full speech given by Nelson Mandela here